ENERGY STAR®: A Strategy to Improve the Efficiency of Power

ENERGY STAR : A Strategy to Improve the Efficiency of Power Supplies Andrew Fanara US EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division ENERGY STAR Program Product Specifications Team Leader [email protected] 1

En v iro nm e n ta lP rot ec ti S se U End on ly p up ce i v De s r f M rs f M Consumers er w Po Retailers Leveraging an Intersection of Interests Uti li t ie s 2

Program Basics Our Vision: Maximize energy savings to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change Government-backed label making it easy for purchasers to identify energy-saving products Strict energy performance criteria & test procedures set by US EPA & DOE Voluntary partnership Market-based ingredient brand Used in several other countries 3

ENERGY STAR Accomplishments 76 specifications in 40 ENERGY STAR product categories, many with external or internal power supplies 1,250 manufacturers; 400 retailers (20,000 storefronts) 1 billion products purchased by American consumers 56% of US consumers recognize the ENERGY STAR In 2003 alone, ENERGY STAR: – saved 9 billion on consumer energy bills – reduced GHG emissions equal to removing 18 million cars from the road for 1 year – saved enough electricity to power 20 million homes 4

Guiding Principles for Specification Development Significant energy savings potential Purchasers will recover their investment in increased energy efficiency within a reasonable time period Product performance can be maintained or enhanced Efficiency can be achieved with multiple technology options that are diffuse in the market Product energy consumption & performance can be measured and verified with testing Labeling would differentiate products & be visible to purchasers 5

10 Billion Power Supplies in Use Worldwide (est.) Computers Printers Monitors Scanners PDAs Barcode scanners Servers Camcorders CD/DVD Players TVs/VCRs Set-top boxes Cell phones Cordless phones Power tools Modems Medical Equipment Avionics/Navigation Equipment Test and Measurement Equip. Appliances to name a few 2004 CE shipments expected to be nearly 100 billion – Consumer Electronics Association, Market Research, Jan. 2004 6

5 to 10 External Power Supplies in Average US Home 7

Number of Portable Products is Increasing

Large Opportunity for Energy Savings in US Alone Active Mode accounts for nearly ¾ of all power supply energy use; focus to date has been on Standby Many current designs are 30 to 60% efficient, but 90% or more is feasible Estimated savings of 32 billion kWh/year – Cut national energy bill by 2.5 billion/year – Reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 24 million tons/year – Displace the output of seven large power plants 9

EPA’s Power Supply Strategy Guiding Vision To transform the North American power supply market for key product segments by improving the average efficiency of typical power supplies – Different, but concurrent approaches to improve the efficiencies of external and internal ac-dc power supplies 10

EPA’s Power Supply (PS) Strategy & Implementation Plan External PS Specification Existing ENERGY STAR products Ex: printers & cordless phones Mobile Phones Internal PS Specification(s) In Development Ex: televisions, computers & copiers Non-ENERGY STAR products Ex: PDAs, network routers & cable modems Replacement Power Supplies Sold Separately Future Demand Driver for ENERGY STAR External Power Supplies

Internal PS Strategy Builds on Recent Developments Intel’s design guide requires OEMs to include internal power supply with improved efficiency Addresses both partial & full loading Specification 20% Loading 50% Loading 100% Loading 60% 70% 70% 2004 67% Recommended 80% 75% 2004 Required For More Information: www.formfactors.org 12

Today’s Power Supply Announcements 1) Single, Standardized Test Procedure for External Power Supplies (EPS) 2) Draft ENERGY STAR EPS Specification Proposed ENERGY STAR partnership with power supply manufacturers 3) International Cooperation Between US and China 4) Design Competition Will address both internal and external power supplies 13

Development of Standardized EPS Test Procedure January 2002: First power supply workshop in San Francisco Summer 2003: Draft test procedure first posted for comment – Built upon IEC 62301 and IEEE 1515-2000 November 2003: Second power supply workshop – Refined standardized test procedure December 2003: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, and US expressed support for single test procedure Final test procedure available at: – www.efficientpowersupplies.org & – www.energystar.gov/productdevelopment 14

Input vs. Output Opportunity? Power Consumed by a 9 Volt Linear Power Supply for a Cordless Phone 6 6 5 5 4 4 Input Watts Watts Power Consumed by a 9 Volt Switching Power Supply for a Cordless Phone 3 3 Input 2 2 Output 1 1 0 0% 0 0% 25% 50% 75% Fraction of Rated Current (300m A) 100% Output 25% 50% 75% 100% Fraction of Rated Current (300mA) 15

Range of Average External Power Supply Efficiencies 100% Efficiency 80% 60% China 40% Australia 20% U.S. 0% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Rated Output Power (Watts) 16

First Draft ENERGY STAR EPS Specification Minimum performance levels are based on test results from 634 EPS models using newly developed test procedure – No battery chargers; under investigation – EPS models with wattage ratings 180 watts (subject to change) Technical specification consists of two parts – Active and No-Load performance thresholds – Models must meet both to comply Testing results – 24.8% of models meet or exceed Active thresholds – 26% of models meet or exceed No-Load threshold No-Load levels EU Code of Conduct Specification 1/1/05 – 12% of models meet both thresholds 17

First Draft ENERGY STAR EPS Specification (cont.) Average Active Mode efficiency value is derived from measuring rated current output at 100%, 75%, 50%, & 25% Efficiency curve consists of 3 equations based on wattage range Nameplate Output Power (Pno) Average Efficiency in Active Mode (expressed as decimal) 0 to 1 watt 0.5 * Pno 1 to 51 watts 0.09 * Ln (Pno) 0.5 51 watts 0.85 18

Top Quartile of Power Supplies in Active Mode 100% Percent of Qualifying Power Supplies 24.8% Efficiency 80% Greater than 51 Watts Efficiency 85% 60% One to 51 Watts Efficiency 0.09Ln(Watts) 0.50 Proposed Specification 40% China Australia 20% U.S. Less than One Watt Efficiency 0.5 * Rated Output Power 0% 0 20 40 60 80 Rated Output Power (Watts) 100 120 140 160

Close-up of 0-10W Units in Active Mode Percent of Qualifying Power Supplies 24.8% 100% One to 51 Watts Efficiency 0.09Ln(Watts) 0.50 Less than One Watt Efficiency 0.5 * Rated Output Power 80% Efficiency 60% 40% Proposed Specification China Australia 20% U.S. 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rated Output Power (Watts) 6 7 8 9 10

Top Quartile of Power Supplies in Standby/No-Load 26% of measured power supplies qualify for 2005 no load power target 12% qualify for both the active and no load specifications Measured No Load Power (AC watts) 4.0 3.5 China 3.0 Australia U.S. 2.5 No Load Specification 2.0 European Commission No Load Power Consumption Targets for 2005 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 Rated Output Power (DC watts) 125 150 175

EPA Wants to Partner with Power Supply Manufacturers 1) Initially, partnership in ENERGY STAR will be offered to external power supply manufacturers – Interested manufacturers sign the ENERGY STAR Partnership Agreement (PA) 2) Power supply manufacturing Partners may submit qualifying EPS models -- provided they meet the following requirements: – Tested according to ENERGY STAR EPS Test Procedure – Meet performance thresholds for both Active and No-Load 3) Partners self-certify and submit test results for EPS model(s) to EPA 4) Partners must abide by the ENERGY STAR Partner Commitments 22

ENERGY STAR Partnership Agreement (PA) Three Expected Commitments: Annual submission of available product models Annual submission of ENERGY STAR unit shipment or market penetration data (not sales) Use of the ENERGY STAR label – At this time, expected use of the label will be limited to wholesale business to business transactions Label not permitted directly on external power supply – Further specific guidance forthcoming 23

Specification Time Line Feb. 23: APEC announcements & request for manufacturer test data April 15: Comments due to EPA on EPS Draft #1 Early May: Stakeholder Meeting (Date and Location TBD) Early June: EPS Draft #2 released – Subsequent Drafts & Stakeholder Meetings to follow Later 2004: Target for Final Specification – EPA will sign up Charter power supply manufacturing partners On effective date, partners may begin to qualify and market EPS models 24

International Interest in Promoting Efficient Power Supplies Many countries share EPA’s interest in implementing policy measures to encourage the design & sale of energy-efficient power supplies – Support for single Test Procedure – Support for voluntary high efficiency and mandatory minimum efficiency specifications EPA will harmonize, where appropriate, on voluntary specifications 25

China and US Collaboration Home to significant share of power supply manufacturing capacity World’s fastest growing market for power supplies Working closely with the China Certification Center for Energy Conservation Products (CECP) to: – Employ the same EPS test procedure – Harmonize specifications and timeline Contact: Mr. Li Tienan Director Ph: (86)10-8463-4191 E-mail: [email protected] 26

Design Competition Cosponsored by the California Energy Commission & US EPA – Endorsed by PSMA Three major competition categories to: – Address internal & external designs – Encourage ENERGY STAR partners to work with their vendors Competition will run throughout 2004 – Winners announced at APEC 2005 Visit www.efficientpowersupplies.org 27

For More Information At APEC: Press Conference following Plenary Session in Coronado Room (press credentials required) Visit the PSMA Booth at APEC Attend Session 8A: Power Supply Efficiency Standards on Tuesday, Feb. 24 at 8:30 a.m. After APEC: Andrew Fanara, US EPA Ph: (202) 343-9019 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.energystar.gov 28