Findings and Recommendations Global 2001 NCW Innovation Cell CAPT Don

Findings and Recommendations Global 2001 NCW Innovation Cell CAPT Don Inbody Director, Joint C4ISR Decision Support Center UNCLASSIFIED

Approach Scientific Method – Control, Experiment – Test hypotheses Analytic Rigor – Measures of Force Effectiveness – Measures of Effectiveness – Measures of Performance UNCLASSIFIED

Measures Of Performance Disrupted By Obstacles To NCW (Programs of Record) Re-establish status quo in JOA Time to Achieve Policy Objectives Casualties Risk (inside/outside AOR) Gain assured access to JOA Achieve high OPTEMPO e.g. Ship-Days in Gulf or Force Able to Mass Effects e.g. Rate of Effective Ops vs. Centers of Gravity Maneuver forces to gain dominant advantage Precisely engage adversary systems Sustain forces in JOA Protect forces and noncombatants Command/Direct Forces & Support e.g. Centers of Gravity held at risk e.g. Kills Per Sortie Losses - Damage e.g. Sortie Rate e.g. Avoidable Losses e.g. % Acts Consistent w/Commanders Intent Awareness of terrain and battlespace % HVTs ID’d (& Held at Risk) TPFD Closure Capacity Area Defended (air threats, irregular threats) ISR/Info Search Rates (anti-access systems, COGs) Mobility of forces and support Target(s)-Weapon(s) Pairing Effectiveness “Footprint” in JOA Timeliness of Indications & Warning Data-to-Knowledge Processing Capacity Movement/reaction delay Target track accuracy and holding time Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers Susceptibility / Vulnerability of HVTs Info Availability (Exchange/Collaboration) Max weapon or effect range Launch platform surviviability Visibility of Supply & Demand “Counter-fire” effectiveness Timeliness (speed, timing) of Decision-making Force efficiency Weapon (Effect) Performance (Range, Accuracy, PK) Assessment Accuracy

Measures Of Performance Disrupted By Obstacles To NCW (Future Programs) Re-establish status quo in JOA Time to Achieve Policy Objectives Casualties Risk (inside/outside AOR) Gain assured access to JOA Achieve high OPTEMPO e.g. Ship-Days in Gulf or Force Able to Mass Effects e.g. Rate of Effective Ops vs. Centers of Gravity Maneuver forces to gain dominant advantage Precisely engage adversary systems Sustain forces in JOA Protect forces and noncombatants Command/Direct Forces & Support e.g. Centers of Gravity held at risk e.g. Kills Per Sortie Losses - Damage e.g. Sortie Rate e.g. Avoidable Losses e.g. % Acts Consistent w/Commanders Intent Awareness of terrain and battlespace % HVTs ID’d (& Held at Risk) TPFD Closure Capacity Area Defended (air threats, irregular threats) ISR/Info Search Rates (anti-access systems, COGs) Mobility of forces and support Target(s)-Weapon(s) Pairing Effectiveness “Footprint” in JOA Timeliness of Indications & Warning Data-to-Knowledge Processing Capacity Movement/reaction delay Target track accuracy and holding time Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers Susceptibility / Vulnerability of HVTs Info Availability (Exchange/Collaboration) Max weapon or effect range Launch platform surviviability Visibility of Supply & Demand “Counter-fire” effectiveness Timeliness (speed, timing) of Decision-making Force efficiency Weapon (Effect) Performance (Range, Accuracy, PK) Assessment Accuracy

Findings The Joint force will fail to achieve its full potential effectiveness without implementation of Network Centric Warfare principles Current programs of record are insufficient to implement NCW principles Future planned programs provide only incremental improvement Further innovation is necessary to implement NCW – – – – Full integration across program and system lines Doctrine Organization Training UNCLASSIFIED

Principal Issue “Impedance mismatches” in information transfer usually fall along systems, program, mission, and service lines. ergo: – any organization or program that appears to fall along service lines is suspect – acquisition programs not under a system of systems integration umbrella is suspect UNCLASSIFIED

Recommendations Doctrine and Training – New/modified TTP/CONOPS/Doctrine to fully achieve the capabilities offered by the new technologies – Create a T&E force (JFCOM?) using CONUSbased forces to organize a JTF that will train jointly developing and using NC principles UNCLASSIFIED

Recommendations Systems Integration (Acquisition) – Integrate acquisition programs under NCW focused mission capability area umbrellas with mechanism to balance funding and ensure technical compliance/interoperability (e.g.) SIAP SE Link-16/JDN/WIN-T/JTRS/JTI GCCS DCGS – Invest in distributed, modeling & simulation environments (such as JDEP, Dnet, and ACETEF) to enable concurrent doctrine and systems development to link warfighter with acquisition communities and rapidly field NCW focused capabilities Doctrine/tactics development System development and test Provide consistent methods to measure and compare system performance UNCLASSIFIED

Recommendations Organization – Create standing JTF Headquarters (at JFCOM?) to train to Joint standards of organization able to respond to world-wide crises, tasks. – Organize (at JTF level) by warfare function (Fires, Maneuver, Resources) vice service (ARFOR, LCC, NAVFOR, JFMCC, JFACC) UNCLASSIFIED

Global 2001 Innovation Game Network Centric Warfare Cell UNCLASSIFIED

Developing a Joint Task Force Headquarters A Path Ahead April 19, 2023 UNCLASSIFIED

Current Situation: Standing Joint Task Force Headquarters Necessary Functions: Existing capabilities are available now Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminals AN/MSQ-126: Integrated Mobile MARFORPAC Command Post Multiple ACTDs add additional capability Communicate (Up/Down, Sideways including Coalition and NGO) General Situational Awareness (Red & Blue) Logistics (Situational Awareness & Management) Dynamic Retasking of Intel Direct Fire Direct Maneuver Net Assessment (Effects-based Operations) Information Operations Rapid Execution Programs Examined by DSC: Known Shortfalls: 48 5 7 26 Advanced Concept Tech Demos DARPA Programs Joint Test & Evaluation Projects Concepts Standard Operating Procedures Trained Staff System Flexibility Knowledge Management / Information Superiority Interoperability Information Operations / IA / UNCLASSIFIEDOPSEC

Most Attractive Candidate Systems / Concepts Communications Airborne C4ISR Node Extending the Littoral Battlespace Joint Interface Control Officer Support System Command and Control Joint Continuous Strike Environment Automated Deep Operations Coordination System Federated Assessment Target Enhancement Adaptive Courses of Action / CINC 21 Logistics Joint Logistics/Joint Theater Logistics/Coalition Theater Logistics Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Integrated Collection Management Information Operations Information Operations Planning Tool UNCLASSIFIED

The JTF HQ Shortfalls Doctrine No clear command relationships Current SOPs and TTPs are not integrated Separate planning and execution processes Sensor control (physical) Dynamic collection management Data dissemination Info Assurance / OPSEC Organization No permanent staff Not fully using reachback capabilities Need to integrate JTF HQ Identify and train staff early Collocation of DCGS with JTF Training Establish a school house Joint operational training is secondary to tactical training Time Critical Targeting cycle Leadership Materiel Communications capabilities Common Operating Picture Joint logistics planning Dynamic sensor retasking Low Density / High Demand ISR Platforms Space Based Infrared Joint Fires Interoperability Info Ops/ Assurance/ OPSEC Chain of command and command relationships must be specified Decentralized operations require understanding of commander’s intent Personnel No assigned personnel Additional Intelligence data to analyze UNCLASSIFIED Facilities No dedicated facilities No common facilities ISR Tasking, Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination

Materiel Fixes Solutions Doctrine No clear command relationships Current SOPs and TTPs are not integrated Separate planning and execution processes Sensor control (physical) Dynamic collection management Data dissemination Info Assurance / OPSEC Organization No permanent staff Not fully using reachback capabilities Need to integrate JTF HQ Identify and train staff early Collocation of DCGS with JTF Training Establish a school house Joint operational training is secondary to tactical training Time Critical Targeting cycle Leadership Materiel ACN (DARPA) ELB ACTD JICO Support System ACOA ACTD JL/JTL/CTL ACTD ICM ACTD JCSE ACTD ADOCS ACTD FATE System IOPT ACTD Chain of command and command relationships must be specified Decentralized operations require understanding of commander’s intent Personnel No assigned personnel Additional Intelligence data to analyze UNCLASSIFIED Facilities No dedicated facilities No common facilities ISR Tasking, Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination

Approach to Field Standing JTF Headquarters (SJTF HQ) Field Capabilities (Initial FY03/04) (Update as Required) CINC Ownership Synergy of Full-Time Staff Improved Capabilities Available for Current Operations Firm Doctrine and Training Foundation CJCS Proposed SJTF HQ Model (11/03) Add Other Attractive Initiatives (9/02 - ?) Review & Modify as Necessary (9-12/02) CJCS Plan for SJTF (3/02) Build on Existing Capability (JMAST) (9/01) Test in Millennium Challenge 02 with CINC support (7-8/02) Spiral Development Continues Add Most Attractive Initiatives (9/01-4/02) JFCOM Experimental SJTF HQ Standup (2/02) UNCLASSIFIED

Back Up Slides UNCLASSIFIED

Proposed Budget Includes: 5 Upgraded Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminals or similar Top 10 Recommended Programs in Million RDT&E PROCUREMENT O&M MILCON Civilian Personnel Military Personnel (cumulative) Total Funding Fielded JTF HQ FY02 16.0 10.3 1.8 3.0 2.0 FY03 61.0 13.7 3.2 5.0 6.0 FY04 63.8 30.0 5.7 8.0 9.0 FY05 44.2 23.0 6.7 2.0 12.0 FY06 14.0 51.9 9.7 15.0 55 33.1 55 110 88.9 116.5 1 2 220 87.9 4 275 90.6 5 NOTE: Issue paper being developed for FY02-07 budget through Council of Colonels with COL Krieger UNCLASSIFIED

Methodology Examined: Sources of requirements/shortfalls: 48 5 7 26 Advanced Concept Tech Demos DARPA Programs Joint Test & Eval Projects Concepts JTF C2 Study (Joint Staff/DSC) Other DSC studies Joint Mission Force JFCOM Joint Experiments Global Info Grid/Joint Operational Architecture Measures: Ability to satisfy shortfalls Schedule Include all C4ISR functional areas Utility (% of Best) 100 Top 10 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Rank (% of Best) UNCLASSIFIED 80 90 100

Program Ranking: Top 10 ADOCS JCSE ACOA FATE ELB ACN JICO IOPT ICM JL/JTL/CTL 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 3 9 9 3 9 9 3 3 Quality Score: 9 - Adds New Capability 3 - Improves/Integrates Existing Capabilities 1 - Automates Manual Process UNCLASSIFIED 9 18 18 18 21 15 12 12 9 9 15 1 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 1 0.8 0.9 Maturity Factor: 1 - FY02 .8 - FY03 .7 - Started - IOC Unknown .6 - FY04 18 18 18 16.8 12 7.2 7.2 9 7.2 13.5

Program Ranking: The Rest lly Fu JIVE CINC 21 ABA C2&D TIPS JeMPRS CSEL CID CCID PRESS IDM TELEPORT EC5G JDIICS-D PKI Adv ISR Mgt JISR BDA in JTT HUMINT (HICIST) HAE UAV RTV (RBV) SAIP CAESAR CC&D ESG CMMA UGS AJP TAPS/VSS tra ed in m Co m r de n a da an t S rd F JT r pe O d an g in at F JT F JT P HQ f af St es ur d ce ro g Au S e ur ct u tr F JT na tio c n Fu 3 3 1 3 fle y, lit ili Ab ty x i li ib to id ty 9 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 a ad ty fy tis sa s IR CC ith s op g in nn a pl y w rit e ce io r a rc p pe fo ty p u t ili s n C ee i b o k jo SE ra nf o i e P t e p r ut /O ty l fo ro ili ec ta /I A te M b x n O K A E I I To 3 12 9 1 16 3 7 3 6 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 3 3 9 3 1 10 3 9 y tif en 3 9 3 3 d an li bi pa d an 3 3 UNCLASSIFIED 6 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 1 0 0 ity ur t a M 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 1 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 1 1 1 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 1 or ct a F l na Fi 9.6 9.6 5.6 4.2 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 4.8 0 0 0 3 6.3 6 5.4 4.8 3 3 3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 1 0 0

JTF Concepts/Programs Reviewed USJFCOM - Millenium Challenge 02 (MC 02) JTF-HQ Forward USCENTCOM - Joint Deployable C2 Center ACTD USPACOM - Joint Mission Force (JMF) Systems & Applications USCINCPAC - Mobile C4 Command Post to Support Contingency JTF Operations – USN Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (JMAST) USN - Joint Command & Control Capability JCC(X) USAF - Air Operations Center (AOC) Weapon System Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE) UNCLASSIFIED

Baseline JTF C2 Systems & Applications COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT Global Broadcast System (GBS) SHF SATCOM Terminal TACSAT UHF Terminal (CINC 1/JTF NET) Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) USSOCOM SCAMPI (UHF) Terminal HF/UHF/VHF (Voice & Data) TACTICAL SWITCH Commercial Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Crypto INFORMATION PROCESSING EQUIPMENT UNIX Work Stations Personal Computers (PCs) JWICS VTC Equipment Radiant Mercury AUTODIN/Defense Messaging System (DMS) APPLICATIONS Global Command and Control System (GCCS) GCCS-Integrated Imagery and Intelligence (GCCS-I3) Personal Computer Integrated Imagery and Intelligence (PCI3) Command and Control Personal Computer (C2PC) Theater Battle Management Core System (TBMCS) Global Combat Support System (GCSS) Joint Operational Planning System (JOPES) Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS) NET Meeting Joint Defense Information Infrastructure Control System - Deployed (JDIICS-D) Personal Communications System (PCS) PCS Data Access Service (PDAS) NETWORK ACCESS / SERVICES CINC 1/JTF NET (Via TACSAT) DoD TELEPORT/Standardized Tactical Entry Point (STEP) Tactical Data Links in formats A, B, and J (TADIL A/B/J) Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN) Defense Switch Network (DSN) TACTICAL SWITCH NETWORK (LIMITED) Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System (JDISS) Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET) Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) INTELINK Electronic Key Management System (EKMS) Local/Wide Area Networks (LAN/WAN) NEWSGROUPS (WWW Access) Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) Improved Data Modem (IDM) Wireless Web UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Deployable JTF HQ Options 11th Signal Brigade/EAC 11th Signal Bde Similar Communications The 11th Signal Brigade is a totally mobile unit headquartered at Fort Huachuca, Ariz. It is the primary Capabilities to JCSE provider of rapid-deployment tactical communications anywhere in the world. Using switch, satellite, microwave, * Normally used to backfill JCSE cable and tropospheric scatter, the brigade is capable of providing service to units no matter where they are in the world. It provides both long distance and local service. UNCLASSIFIED

Responsibilities OSD – C3I Advocacy and oversight of entire program – AT&L Acquisition oversight Joint Staff – Advocacy and JROC oversight CINCs – CINCEUR, CINCCENT, CINCPAC, and CINCSOUTH - Integration, execution, coordination, and local operational control – JFCOM - operational execution, interoperability Defense Agencies - support – DISA – NSA Services – Army and Air Force - coordination and support – Navy - planning, programming, budgeting, acquisition management, and program execution UNCLASSIFIED

Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (JMAST) Current Capabilities / Hardware GCCS-M OTCIXS/TADIXS Message Handling (DMS0 Environmental Data/Weather Tactical Decision Aids Imagery Resource Mgt. (MS Office) Projectors/Briefing Equipment Phone Switch Integrated Services Digital Network HF/VHF/UHF LOS UHF SATCOM X-band SHF SATCOM INMARSAT SINCGARS Link-11 SIPRNET LAN, Terminals NIPRNET LAN, Terminals Battle Force email VTC Secure Telephone Fax/Secure Fax GPS Generators Power Distribution Fuel Storage UPS HVAC DRASH Shelters UNCLASSIFIED CINCPACFLT Programmed Upgrades JTF Enhancement Package Tactical Telephone Switch Coalition Data Network GCCS (COP, JOPES) TBMCS JDIICS-D Additional Secure Phones Additional DSRN Additional SIPRNET Additional NIPRNET Additional Coalition Data Terminals Unprogrammed Upgrades JWICS (TRE/TRAP) Link-16/22 HaveQuick Network Encryption System Upgraded Phone Switch Prime Movers