Human Factors in Maintenance: A Twenty Year Progress Report …and still

Human Factors in Maintenance: A Twenty Year Progress Report and still counting William B. Johnson Chief Scientific & Technical Advisor for Human Factors in A/C Maintenance Systems [email protected] Federal Aviation Administration

Agenda AVS Chief Scientist Program (1 slide) Report card on early recommendations (14 slides) Maintenance Human Factors Presentation System (MHFPS) (6 slides) Federal Aviation 2 2 of 26 Administration

Aviation Safety Organization CSTAs Report here Over 6700 Employees dedicated to Aviation Safety Federal Aviation 3 3 of 26 Administration

What Year? “In June of this year, the FAA sponsored a meeting of representatives of the aviation industry to review problems associated with aging aircraft. While much of this meeting addressed issues of hardware, metal fatigue, and corrosion, there was a discussion of human factors. Today’s meeting reflects that growing interest in human factors and its potential contribution to continuing aviation safety.” Dr. Bill Shepherd FAA Office of Aviation Medicine October, 1988 Federal Aviation 4 4 of 26 Administration

Recommendation Topics from 1988 Communication must be improved Build error data bases Improve FAA 147 school curricula Supply of qualified maintenance personnel is inadequate Training technologies must advance “Gate time” pressure must be controlled Conduct task analysis of mechanic/engineer job Establish a R&D centers/process Technical manuals Federal Aviation 5 5 of 26 Administration

Did not make 1988 list “These mechanics, working at starting wages, find it difficult to make ends meet and often require second jobs.” “ shortage of mechanics .This leads to overtime and longer than normal hours and again, contributes to the fatigue of an employee and associated vulnerability.” “ night maintenance .The mechanic has to do his business during the day and often goes to work tired as a result.” Norman Grubb VP Engineering Henson Airlines Federal Aviation 6 6 of 26 Administration

Communication must improve Meetings like this one 18 International Conferences on HF in Maintenance Pick up any aviation magazine New Guidance, OPS Manual, Web Sites and HF Guide Go to any conference Standard terms like: Dirty Dozen Swiss Cheese Voluntary reporting Just culture Safety Management Systems Federal Aviation 7 7 of 26 Administration

Build error data bases Boeing MEDA NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) FAA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASAP) Recent ICAO SMS activity But we can still do a better job of sharing Federal Aviation 8 8 of 26 Administration

Improve FAA 147 school curricula Good progress in Europe? HF Training required for certification Recurrent training Poor progress in US HF not required Thanks for 1200 EASA certificates in US Federal Aviation 9 9 of 26 Administration

Supply of qualified maintenance personnel is inadequate An international challenge for sure Supply of qualified maintenance personnel is inadequate Desire or glamour is gone – holidays, weekends, less pay & benefits, etc. Cost to obtain license and time required is equivalent to BA degree Confounded by layoffs and contract maintenance in US Labor shortage affects the work environment Human resources Fatigue potential Does this belong on an HF checklist? Federal Aviation 10 of 26 Administration 10

Recommendation Topics from 1988 How are we doing so far ? ? Communication must be improved Build error data bases Improve FAA 147 school curricula Supply of qualified maintenance personnel is inadequate Training technologies must advance “Gate time” pressure must be controlled Conduct task analysis of mechanic/engineer job Establish a R&D centers/process Technical manuals Federal Aviation 11 of 26 Administration 11

Training technologies must advance Desktop simulation (with real time) Improved CBT Improved embedded training systems Improved manufacturer documentation for training Good examples of WBT have emerged .however, in US, type-training is reduced Federal Aviation 12 of 26 Administration 12

“Gate time” pressure must be controlled Better staff awareness of error Better procedural design and compliance Becoming more complex due to decrease in manpower Pressure is there threats are there Safety Culture is critical Plan for Mx & Ramp LOSA Federal Aviation 13 of 26 Administration 13

Conduct task analysis of mechanic/engineer job Completed by university in US Approved maintenance organizations can do Software products and process available Should be an SMS component M-LOSA may help There are opportunities for improvement Federal Aviation 14 of 26 Administration 14

Establish a R&D center/process FAA Mx HF R&D Program European Adams2 and HILAS programs Airbus, Boeing and other manufacturer attention to Mx HF FAA established HQ ASI – with budget FAA established Chief Scientific & Technical Advisor EASA searching for “Human Factors Expert” Federal Aviation 15 of 26 Administration 15

Technical manuals Much improved since 1988 but more needed Standardized formats across manufacturers New on-board tech. pubs. for new aircraft Web-based distribution and “Not following published procedures remains the #1 challenge” Federal Aviation 16 of 26 Administration 16

Final scorecard from 1988 Communication must be improved Build error data bases Improve FAA 147 school curricula Supply of qualified maintenance personnel is inadequate Training technologies must advance “Gate time” pressure must be controlled Conduct task analysis of mechanic/engineer job Establish a R&D centers/process Technical manuals Federal Aviation 17 of 26 Administration 17

Agenda AVS Chief Scientist Program Report card on early recommendations Maintenance Human Factors Presentation System (MHFPS) Federal Aviation 18 of 26 Administration 18

Launch Menu on DVD Federal Aviation 19 of 26 Administration 19

2 History of Human Factors Federal Aviation 20 of 26 Administration 20

Mx Human Factors has Evolved in 20 Years! Federal Aviation 21 of 26 Administration 21

3 Human Factors Spectacles Federal Aviation 22 of 26 Administration 22

What did you Learn about Human Factors Spectacles from the Introductory Video? What was the premise of the human factors spectacles video? List 10 things that you see while driving with your human factors spectacles List 10 things that you see in this class with your human factors spectacles List 10 things that you see at work with your human factors spectacles List 11 things that see at home with the human factors spectacles? List . in the mirror? Federal Aviation 23 of 26 Administration 23

The Maintenance Human Factors Presentation System MHFPS aam520[email protected] XXXX Federal Aviation 24 of 26 Administration 24

MHFPS System Contents Approximately 170 PowerPoint Slides (Many with speaker notes) 11 FAA Video Snippets (produced in 2007) 38 Animations (produced by Lufthansa Technical Training) A short, medium, and long presentation 7 content specific presentations (e.g., HF Overview, Fatigue, Error, etc.) Federal Aviation 25 of 26 Administration 25

Summary AVS Chief Scientist Program Report card on early recommendations Maintenance Human Factors Presentation System (MHFPS) Federal Aviation 26 of 26 Administration 26

Thank you, Bill Johnson Federal Aviation 27 of 26 Administration 27